Invisible Eye - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Abstract</h3> The main agenda of this work is to design advanced security with affordable and less complex system referred as “Invisible Eye”. In this modern era, property crimes are more predominant which necessitates developing an advanced security system.<br /> <br /> It is a single camera based security system which is used to protect the valuables kept in room. This system can be used when slew around the room and recorded when it is alerted by the presence of any intrusion . Manager can only view the footage which was alerted on the presence of intrusion.<br /> <br /> This type of system would lead to less time consuming and this will help to keep track of the intruder easily in less time. Once the intruder has been detected this information about intrusion will be directed to the cop through the E-mail. Such a system would consist three components – sensors that detect intrusion; the camera that slews to the point of intrusion and takes pictures; and the keypad that is used to interface with the system which allows any person to disable the system by entering the right password<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> DESIGN METHODOLOGY</h3> Invisible eye an advanced security system is mainly designed to use a single camera to perform the security. The reason for security is, the user of a system may have valuable belongings kept in his home, or a jewellery shop owner need security at night times for his property. The present technologies have many disadvantages like multiple camera’s, more cost, power consumption, the owner has to always view the recording of the footage without any assurance of the theft. One can design the model using different sensors like motion sensor, vibration sensor, the motion sensor detects the motion of a human being in that particular area where a sensor is placed. Once the sensor, senses the motion or vibration it sends that information of motion to the Microcontroller. Here we are using stepper motor, wireless camera and also a PC.<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG27VPe-yZUNQn7DyEm-RPLyoV05_FkHFM6_rrmwWBA8DRLszanKcMkCB1MCsv46-jUrNxrP8A8a9xP_xzmJ5-AfS7x3fB5-DND4IIJ91K2UUI8TxBGVqp18IPuvyy1J3FFa99rVtETEC5/s1600/invisible-eye-seminar-report-ppt-pdf_clip_image002.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEhG27VPe-yZUNQn7DyEm-RPLyoV05_FkHFM6_rrmwWBA8DRLszanKcMkCB1MCsv46-jUrNxrP8A8a9xP_xzmJ5-AfS7x3fB5-DND4IIJ91K2UUI8TxBGVqp18IPuvyy1J3FFa99rVtETEC5/s1600/invisible-eye-seminar-report-ppt-pdf_clip_image002.gif" /></a></div> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Modern Systems:</h3> Today's security systems are extremely effective in preventing burglary and thefts as well as helping police respond to emergency situations. The mainstay of the home security system is definitely the high decibel siren. Today the siren is used to ward off would be intruders not for monitoring purposes. In most cases home security systems are monitored by large companies with multiple monitoring centers. These centers house countless trained professionals who are there in times of need for residences and businesses across the country. These monitoring centers also can provide support for other potential disasters such as carbon monoxide, fire, freezing pipes, and much more.<br /> <br /> Modern security systems use alarms, infrared motion sensors, digital surveillance and contemporary monitoring stations. Monitoring is extremely efficient and emergency response time for triggered alarms has improved dramatically due to technology<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> HARDWARE PART</h3> invisible eye<br /> <br /> PIC16F877A belongs to a class of 8-bit microcontrollers of RISC Architecture. PIC microcontroller is an amazing powerful fully featured processor with Internal RAM, EEPROM FLASH memory and peripherals<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> PIR Motion Detector Module:</h3> PIR sensors allow you to sense motion, almost always used to detect whether a human has moved in or out of the sensors range. They are small, inexpensive, low-power, easy to use and don't wear out. For that reason they are commonly found in appliances and gadgets used in homes or businesses. They are often referred to as PIR, "Passive Infrared","Pyroelectric", or "IR motion" sensors.<br /> <br /> To increase the efficiency of SIP signaling, yet maintain 100% standards compatibility with external VoIP systems and soft switches, xG has created patent pending SIP compression technology for the Invisible Eye system that reduces SIP overhead bandwidth from 400% to 66% on the over the air links and backhaul links from the Base Stations to the Invisible Eye MSCs. The MSCs do the SIP compression and decompression to maintain 100% interoperability with third-party VoIP systems. This also has the benefit of making more bandwidth available for mobile data applications being carried alongside voice traffic.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Working</h3> Step1: User enters the password, if password entered is correct the system starts else he is prompted to re-enter the password.<br /> <br /> Step 2: If sensors sense any change, then an intrusion is detected. Else there is no intrusion.<br /> <br /> Step 3: If intrusion is detected, then relay triggered, stepper motor rotates the camera starts recording and an e-mail is sent to the user<br /> <br /> CONCLUSION<br /> Invisible Eye security system solves many of the problems faced by the multiple camera based systems at an easily affordable cost.<br /> <br /> The biggest advantage is that we can avoid having to wade through hours of footage of empty rooms. One can also avoid having to install multiple cameras to cover a single room.<br /> <br /> Cost required for the installation is very less compared to multiple camera based system.<br /> <br /> We can avoid hours of footage of empty rooms. Good view of the video footage can be obtained as camera turns 360°.<br /> <br /> This work can be extended to completely eliminate the use of the microcontroller and instead use parallel port of the PC to monitor the sensors. Also advanced image processing techniques can be applied to track the intruder once his position has been identified.<br /> <br /> In future we can provide a memory so that one can store the footage which is recorded<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> References</h3> Exploring the Great Myths of Wireless By Jeffrey K Belk.<br /> <br /> [2]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>The PIC Microcontrollers by Author: Nebojsa Matic. Publisher: mikroElektronika 2003.<br /> <br /> [3]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>http://www.iwow.com<br /> <br /> [4]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>http://www.cellon.com<br /> <br /> [5]<span class="Apple-tab-span" style="white-space: pre;"> </span>http://www.bioenabletech.com<br /> <br /> [6] www.fairchildsemi.com</div>

Invisible Eye - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

Abstract The main agenda of this work is to design advanced security with affordable and less complex system referred as “Invisible Eye”. In this modern era, property crimes are more predominant which necessitates developing an advanced security system. It is a single camera based security system w…

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Project Loon - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Abstract</h3> The Internet is one of the most transformative technologies of our lifetimes. But for 2 out of every 3 people on earth, a fast, affordable Internet connection is still out of reach. And this is far from being a solved problem.<br /> <br /> There are many terrestrial challenges to Internet connectivity—jungles, archipelagos, mountains. There are also major cost challenges. Solving these problems isn’t simply a question of time: it requires looking at the problem of access from new angles.<br /> <br /> “PROJECT LOON” is one such initiative taken up by Google to solve the above mentioned problems. Team Loon believes that it might actually be possible to build a ring of balloons, flying around the globe on the stratospheric winds, that provides Internet access to the earth below. They have built a system that uses balloons, carried by the wind at altitudes twice as high as commercial planes, to beam Internet access to the ground at speeds similar to today’s 3G networks or faster. As a result, they hope balloons could become an option for connecting rural, remote, and underserved areas, and for helping with communications after natural disasters. The idea may sound a bit crazy—and that’s part of the reason we’re calling it Project Loon,but there’s solid science behind it.<br /> <br /> Project Loon<br /> <br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjikbNtIM7yoLag53ssJ8QNh_bV9u9WVvucMcYQRf-NbYZ8zm3tYIEqEkHkrooDcLmqzTqrjsukzvFCmcm5Ogx-NWn2t0Sb44oa7HTFOW88jH0urIzAiDVLCKrdVTFJRk9oYmiBkpqUQiYx/s1600/maxresdefault.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="180" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjikbNtIM7yoLag53ssJ8QNh_bV9u9WVvucMcYQRf-NbYZ8zm3tYIEqEkHkrooDcLmqzTqrjsukzvFCmcm5Ogx-NWn2t0Sb44oa7HTFOW88jH0urIzAiDVLCKrdVTFJRk9oYmiBkpqUQiYx/s320/maxresdefault.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> The balloons are maneuvered by adjusting their altitude to float to a wind layer after identifying the wind layer with the desired speed and direction. using wind data from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA). Users of the service connect to the balloon network using a special Internet antenna attached to their building.<br /> <br /> The signal travels through the balloon network from balloon to balloon, then to a ground-based station connected to an Internet Service Provider (ISP), then onto the global Internet. The system aims to bring Internet access to remote and rural areas poorly served by existing provisions, and to improve communication during natural disasters to affected regions. Key people involved in the project include Rich DeVaul, chief technical architect, who is also an expert on wearable technology; Mike Cassidy, a project leader; and Cyrus Behroozi, a networking and telecommunication lead.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> 1.1 History</h3> In 2008, Google had considered contracting with or acquiring Space Data Corp., a company that sends balloons carrying small base stations about 20 miles (32 km) up in the air for providing connectivity to truckers and oil companies in the southern United States, but didn't do so Unofficial development on the project began in 2011 under incubation in Google X with a series of trial runs in California's Central Valley. The project was officially announced as a Google project on 14 June 2013.<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />LOON DESIGN</h3> Project Loon relies mainly on three parts which are as follows:<br /> <br />  Envelope<br /> <br />  Solar Panels<br /> <br />  Network Equipment<br /> <br />  Loon Antenna<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Envelope</h3> <br /> The inflatable part of the balloon is called a balloon envelope. A well-made balloon envelope is critical for allowing a balloon to last around 100 days in the stratosphere. Loon’s balloon envelopes are made from sheets of polyethylene plastic, and they measure fifteen meters wide by twelve meters tall when fully inflated. When a balloon is ready to be taken out of service, gas is released from the envelope to bring the balloon down to Earth in a controlled descent. In the unlikely event that a balloon drops too quickly, a parachute attached to the top of the envelope is deployed.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Solar Panels</h3> <br /> Each balloon’s electronics are powered by an array of solar panels. The solar array is a flexible plastic laminate supported by a light-weight aluminum frame. It uses high efficiency monocrystalline solar cells. The solar array is mounted at a steep angle to effectively capture sunlight on short winter days at higher latitudes. The array is divided into two sections facing in opposite directions, allowing us to capture energy in any orientation as the balloons spin slowly in the wind. The panels produce approximately 100 Watts of power in full sun, which is enough to keep Loon’s electronics running while also charging a battery for use at night. By moving with the wind and charging in the sun, Project Loon is able to power itself using entirely renewable energy sources.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Network Equipment</h3> <br /> A small box containing the balloon’s electronics hangs underneath the inflated envelope, like the basket carried by a hot air balloon. This box contains circuit boards that control the system, radio antennas to communicate with other balloons and with Internet antennas on the ground, and lithium ion batteries to store solar power so the balloons can operate throughout the night.<br /> <br /> Inside each box is a mini-command center: radio sensors, satellite receivers, and WiFi electronics, along with a stack of custom Google X circuit-boards. These computers measure acceleration, take temperature measurements, run communications between satellite and WiFi networks, and who knows what else. This is how Google Mission Control talks to each Loon and tells it what to do.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Loon Antenna</h3> <br /> The loon antenna shaped in circular manner marking the symbolism of balloon. They are attached to the households or workplaces wherever the internet connectivity needs to be established.<br /> <br /> Project Loon Antenna<br /> <br /> The Loon Antenna consists of the following parts<br /> <br />  Patch Antenna<br /> <br />  Reflector<br /> <br />  Radio<br /> The top part of the interior of the shell is composed of a reflector disc, a pair of parallel patch antenna (radiating elements) perched a few inches above the disc, and a pair of cables leading down to the radio, which lives in the bottom half of the bulb.<br /> <br /> The patch antenna receive reflected radio waves from the reflector disc as well as direct waves. The two sources interfere constructively for the correct wavelength to be received. The radio transmits signals to the devices.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Initial Challenges</h3> It was hard to make a super-pressure balloon. Instead of bursting, the balloon slowly leaked helium, bringing it down after just a day or two in flight. “Even a millimeter-sized hole will bring a balloon like this down in a couple days,” Cassidy says. “And that’s what happened to the next 40 or 50 balloons we made.”<br /> <br /> Google’s engineers spent weeks trying to isolate the problem. They took balloons out of their boxes and inflated them in a cavernous hangar at Moffett Field in Mountain View, shined polarized light through them, and even sniffed for helium leaks using a mass spectrometer. Each balloon that went down was subjected to a “failure analysis” that included poring over meticulous records of who had assembled it, where, and using what equipment, and how it had been transported.<br /> <br /> Eventually they pinned the leaks on two sets of problems. One was that the balloons had to be folded several times over to be transported, and some developed tiny tears at the corners where they’d been folded repeatedly. Google set to work finding ways to fold and roll the balloons that would distribute the stress more evenly across the fabric.<br /> <br /> The second problem was that some balloons were ripping slightly when workers stepped on the fabric with their socks. The solution to that problem? “Fluffier socks,” says Cassidy. “Seriously, that made a difference. Softer socks meant fewer leaks.”<br /> <br /> As the team cut down on the leaks, the balloons started lasting longer: four days, then six, then several weeks at a time. As of November, Cassidy says, two out of every three balloons remain in the sky for at least 100 days.<br /> <br /> But keeping the balloons airborne is only the first of the monumental problems that the project presented. Keeping them on course may be even harder. When Google first announced the project, I pictured brightly colored vessels hovering in place a few hundred or thousand feet over their respective target villages, perhaps tethered to the world’s longest ropes. The reality is far more complex—and fascinating.<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />WORKING OF LOON</h3> Project Loon balloons travel approximately 20 km above the Earth’s surface in the stratosphere. Winds in the stratosphere are stratified, and each layer of wind varies in speed and direction. Project Loon uses software algorithms to determine where its balloons need to go, then moves each one into a layer of wind blowing in the right direction. By moving with the wind, the balloons can be arranged to form one large communications network. Situated on the edge of space, between 10 km and 60 km in altitude, the stratosphere presents unique engineering challenges: air pressure is 1% that at sea level, and this thin atmosphere offers less protection from UV radiation and dramatic temperature swings, which can reach as low as -80°C. By carefully designing the balloon envelope to withstand these conditions, Project Loon is able to take advantage of the stratosphere’s steady winds and remain well above weather events, wildlife and airplanes.<br /> <br /> The technology designed in the project could allow countries to avoid using expensive fiber cable that would have to be installed underground to allow users to connect to the Internet. Google feels this will greatly increase Internet usage in developing countries in regions such as Africa and Southeast Asia that can't afford to lay underground fiber cable.<br /> <br /> The high-altitude polyethylene balloons fly around the world on the prevailing winds (mostly in a direction parallel with lines of latitude, i.e. east or west). Solar panels supplied by PowerFilm, Inc about the size of a card table that are just below the free-flying balloons generate enough electricity in four hours to power the transmitter for a day and beam down the Internet signal to ground stations. These ground stations are spaced about 100 km (62 mi) apart, or two balloon hops, and bounce the signal to other relay balloons that send the signal back down.<br /> <br /> This makes Internet access available to anyone in the world who has a receiver and is within range of a balloon. Currently, the balloons communicate using unlicensed 2.4 and 5.8 GHz ISM bands, and Google claims that the setup allows it to deliver "speeds comparable to 3G" to users. It is unclear how technologies that rely on short communications times (low latency pings), such as VoIP, might need to be modified to work in an environment similar to mobile phones where the signal may have to relay through multiple balloons before reaching the wider Internet.<br /> <br /> Powering it all is a 600-watt battery, charged by solar panels on a carbon fiber frame atop the box. These large, extra-light photovoltaic cells -- amorphous silicon crystals on a fabric substrate -- keep the weight of the balloon low so that the Loons can run for long missions without landing. During the daytime, the batteries charge, and at night they switch on, to vent out excess air and keep the computers running.<br /> <br /> Each Loon balloon has three radio frequency antennas (on 2.4 Ghz and 5.8 Ghz bands) and a ground-pointing WiFi antenna, which beams an Internet signal to Earth in a 12-mile radius. And though the balloons are mostly steerable, Google has done a lot of programming to make them work on their own as well; In addition to Mission Control, Google's Loon balloons can talk to each other, and control themselves."We use a distributed mesh network, so each balloon is pretty autonomous and has pretty much the same hardware in it," Sameera Ponda, a lead aerospace engineer at the Dos Palos site that day, said on the video stream. "As one balloon floats over a certain area that balloon is talking to the ground antennas, and as that balloon floats away, another balloon comes in and takes its place, so it's a pretty seamless operation."<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />EXPERIMENTAL IMPLEMENTATION</h3> On 16 June 2013, Google began a pilot experiment in New Zealand where about 30 balloons were launched in coordination with the Civil Aviation Authority from the Tekapo area in the South Island. About 50 local users in and around Christchurch and the Canterbury Region tested connections to the aerial network using special antennas. After this initial trial, Google plans on sending up 300 balloons around the world at the 40th parallel south that would provide coverage to New Zealand, Australia, Chile, and Argentina. Google hopes to eventually have thousands of balloons flying in the stratosphere.<br /> <br /> The first person to get Google Balloon Internet access this week was Charles Nimmo, a farmer and entrepreneur in the small town of Leeston. He found the experience a little bemusing after he was one of 50 locals who signed up to be a tester for a project that was so secret, no one would explain to them what was happening. Technicians came to the volunteers' homes and attached to the outside walls bright red receivers the size of basketballs and resembling giant Google map pins.<br /> <br /> In May 2014 Astro Teller announced that rather than negotiate a section of bandwidth that was free for them worldwide they would instead become a temporary base station that could be leased by the mobile operators of the country it was crossing over.<br /> <br /> In May-June 2014 Google tested its balloon-powered internet access venture in Piauí, Brazil, marking its first LTE experiments and launch near the equator. In 2014 Google partnered with France's Centre national d'études spatiales (CNES) on the project.<br /> <br /> Each balloon would provide Internet service for an area twice the size of New York City, about 1,250 square kilometres, and terrain is not a challenge. They could stream Internet into Afghanistan's steep and winding Khyber Pass or Yaounde, the capital of Cameroon, a country where the World Bank estimates four out of every 100 people are online. Google engineers studied balloon science from NASA, the Defense Department and the Jet Propulsion Lab to design their own airships made of plastic films similar to grocery bags. Hundreds have been built so far.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Recovery of balloon</h3> Balloons are controlled by raising and lowering them to an altitude with winds blowing in the desired direction of travel. We plan to take our balloons down over preselected, safe recovery zones so we can easily collect them to reuse and recycle their parts. In the event of an unexpected landing, every Loon balloon is equipped with a parachute to slow its descent.<br /> <br /> The Project Loon team includes several recovery specialists who track down and collect landed balloons. We track our balloons continuously in the air using GPS and we take note of their location when they land. Once the landing location is known, the recovery team will be on their way. Ultimately, we plan to land the balloons in various collection points around the world.<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />CONCLUSION</h3> Google's vision for Project Loon procures schooling for those currently without education, brings doctors for people who cannot travel to see one, and provides important weather data to assist farmers, whose harvests are affected by droughts and floods.<br /> <br /> Illiteracy, Disease and Famine could be dealt a swift and telling blow with a little Wi-Fi and according to Team Loon, balloons stationed so high above the earth they can only be seen with a telescope, is the most affordable and best way to achieve this.<br /> <br /> "The materials are pretty inexpensive," says Project Loon's Richard DeVaul. "The plastic of the balloons is similar to that in shopping bags and the electronics aren't that different from consumer electronics. This is a very cost-effective way to connect the world."<br /> <br /> There is near about 75% comment is in the favor of project loons. As per the experts there would be great Success for this Project in Future. And we hope balloons could become an option for connecting rural, remote, and underserved areas, and for helping with communications after natural disasters.</div>

Project Loon - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

Abstract The Internet is one of the most transformative technologies of our lifetimes. But for 2 out of every 3 people on earth, a fast, affordable Internet connection is still out of reach. And this is far from being a solved problem. There are many terrestrial challenges to Internet connectivity—…

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Touchless Touchscreen - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Abstract</h3> It was the touch screens which initially created great furore.Gone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end scratching up. Touch screen displays are ubiquitous worldwide.Frequent touching a touchscreen display with a pointing device such as a finger can result in the gradual de-sensitization of the touchscreen to input and can ultimately lead to failure of the touchscreen.<br /> <br /> To avoid this a simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment is being developed. EllipticLabs innovative technology lets you control your gadgets like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. A simple user interface for Touchless control of electrically operated equipment. Unlike other systems which depend on distance to the sensor or sensor selection this system depends on hand and or finger motions, a hand wave in a certain direction, or a flick of the hand in one area, or holding the hand in one area or pointing with one finger for example.<br /> <br /> The device is based on optical pattern recognition using a solid state optical matrix sensor with a lens to detect hand motions. This sensor is then connected to a digital image processor, which interprets the patterns of motion and outputs the results as signals to control fixtures, appliances, machinery, or any device controllable through electrical signals.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> INTRODUCTION:</h3> The touch less touch screen sounds like it would be nice and easy, however after closer examination it looks like it could be quite a workout. This unique screen is made by TouchKo , White Electronics Designs , and Groupe 3D. The screen resembles the Nintendo Wii without the Wii Controller. With the touchless touch screen your hand doesn’t have to come in contact with the screen at all, it works by detecting your hand movements in front of it. This is a pretty unique and interesting invention, until you break out in a sweat. Now this technology doesn’t compare to the hologram-like IO2 Technologies Heliodisplay M3 , but thats for anyone that has $18,100 laying around.<br /> <br /> You probably wont see this screen in stores any time soon. Everybody loves a touch screen and when you get a gadget with touch screen the experience is really exhilarating. When the I-phone was introduced,everyone felt the same.But gradually,the exhilaration started fading. While using the phone with the finger tip or with the stylus the screen started getting lots of finger prints and scratches. When we use a screen protector; still dirty marks over such beautiful glossy screen is a strict no-no. Same thing happens with I-pod touch.<br /> <br /> Most of the time we have to wipe the screen to get a better unobtrusive view of the screen. Thanks to EllipticLabs innovative technology that lets you control your gadgets like Computers, MP3 players or mobile phones without touching them. Simply point your finger in the air towards the device and move it accordingly to control the navigation in the device. They term this as “Touchless human/machine user interface for 3D navigation ”.<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> TOUCH LESS MONITOR:</h3> Sure, everybody is doing touchscreen interfaces these days, but this is the first time I’ve seen a monitor that can respond to gestures without actually having to touch the screen.<br /> <br /> The monitor, based on technology from TouchKo was recently demonstrated by White Electronic Designs and Tactyl Services at the CeBIT show. Designed for applications where touch may be difficult, such as for doctors who might be wearing surgical gloves, the display features capacitive sensors that can read movements from up to 15cm away from the screen. Software can then translate gestures into screen commands.<br /> <br /> Touchscreen interfaces are great, but all that touching, like foreplay, can be a little bit of a drag. Enter the wonder kids from Elliptic Labs, who are hard at work on implementing a touchless interface. The input method is, well, in thin air. The technology detects motion in 3D and requires no special worn-sensors for operation. By simply pointing at the screen,users can manipulate the object being displayed in 3D. Details are light on how this actually functions, but what we do know is this:<br /> <br /> What is the technology behind it?<br /> Touchless Touchscreen<br /> <br /> It obviously requires a sensor but the sensor is neither hand mounted nor present on the screen. The sensor can be placed either onthe table or near the screen. And the hardware setup is so compact that it can be fitted into a tiny device like a MP3 player or a mobile phone. It recognizes the position of an object from as 5 feet.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> WORKING:</h3> The system is capable of detecting movements in 3-dimensions without ever having to put your fingers on the screen. Their patented touchless interface doesn’t require that you wear any special sensors on your hand either. You just point at the screen (from as far as 5 feet away), and you can manipulate objects in 3D. Sensors are mounted around the screen that is being used, by interacting in the line-of-sight of these sensors the motion is detected and interpreted into on-screen movements. What is to stop unintentional gestures being used as input is not entirely clear, but it looks promising nonetheless. The best part? Elliptic Labs says their technology will be easily small enough to be implemented into cell phones and the like. IPod touchless, anyone?<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Touchless Touchscreen</h3> <br /> Touch-less Gives Glimpse of GBUI:<br /> We have seen the futuristic user interfaces of movies like Minority Report and the Matrix Revolutions where people wave their hands in 3 dimensions and the computer understands what the user wants and shifts and sorts data with precision. Microsoft's XD Huang demonstrated how his company sees the future of the GUI at ITEXPO this past September in fact.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Touch-less SDK:</h3> The Touchless SDK is an open source SDK for .NET applications. It enables developers to create multi-touch based applications using a webcam for input. Color based markers defined by the user are tracked and their information is published through events to clients of the SDK. In a nutshell, the Touchless SDK enables touch without touching. Well, Microsoft Office Labs has just released “Touchless,” a webcam-driven multi-touch interface SDK that enables “touch without touching.”<br /> Using the SDK lets developers offer users “a new and cheap way of experiencing multi-touch capabilities, without the need of expensive hardware or software. All the user needs is a camera,” to track the multi-colored objects as defined by the developer. Just about any webcam will work<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIB4SOef9X9zsIjimJA54iSUGeJLoNYgHGYetLTk0lH3LkaHAAL0KwaVO5KBdkM7DfE3SED5YJsR341d-h_t0Y8z2gsmL7yCXwNeAKBPxw81U7DIZ0G4Qy_rou7CIWYD47uHDUs8NpUmaR/s1600/Touch-less-Touch-screen-by-STMicroelectronics.jpg" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="185" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjIB4SOef9X9zsIjimJA54iSUGeJLoNYgHGYetLTk0lH3LkaHAAL0KwaVO5KBdkM7DfE3SED5YJsR341d-h_t0Y8z2gsmL7yCXwNeAKBPxw81U7DIZ0G4Qy_rou7CIWYD47uHDUs8NpUmaR/s320/Touch-less-Touch-screen-by-STMicroelectronics.jpg" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Touchless Touchscreen</h3> <br /> Touch-less demo:<br /> The Touch less Demo is an open source application that anyone with a webcam can use to experience multi-touch, no geekiness required. The demo was created using the Touch less SDK and Windows Forms with C#. There are 4 fun demos: Snake - where you control a snake with a marker, Defender - up to 4 player version of a pong-like game, Map - where you can rotate, zoom, and move a map using 2 markers, and Draw the marker is used to guess what…. draw!<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />What’s next??</h3> Many personal computers will likely have similar screens in the near future. But touch interfaces are nothing new -- witness ATM machines. How about getting completely out of touch? A startup called LM3Labs says it's working with major computer makers in Japan, Taiwan and the US to incorporate touch less navigation into their laptops, Called Airstrike; the system uses tiny charge-coupled device (CCD) cameras integrated into each side of the keyboard to detect user movements.<br /> You can drag windows around or close them, for instance, by pointing and gesturing in midair above the keyboard.You should be able to buy an Airstrike-equipped laptop next year, with high-end stand-alone keyboards to follow.<br /> <br /> Any such system is unlikely to replace typing and mousing. But that's not the point. Airstrike aims to give you an occasional quick break from those activities.<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />CONCLUSION:</h3> Today’s thoughts are again around user interface. Efforts are being put to better the technology day-in and day-out. The Touchless touch screen user interface can be used effectively in computers, cell phones, webcams and laptops. May be few years down the line, our body can be transformed into a virtual mouse, virtual keyboard and what not??, Our body may be turned in to an input device.<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />BIBLIOGRAPHY:</h3> http://comogy.com/concepts/170-universal-remote-concept.html<br /> <br /> http://dvice.com/archives/2008/05/universal_remot.php?p=4&cat=undefined#more<br /> <br /> www.hitslot.com<br /> <br /> http://hitslot.com/?p=214<br /> <br /> http://www.touchuserinterface.com/2008/09/touchless-touch-screen-that-senses-your.html<br /> <br /> http://technabob.com/blog/2007/03/19/the-touchless-touchscreen-monitor/<br /> <br /> http://www.etre.com/blog/2008/02/elliptic_labs_touchless_user_interface/<br /> <br /> http://lewisshepherd.wordpress.com/2008/10/13/stop-being-so-touchy<br /> <br /> http://www.engadget.com/tag/interface/</div>

Touchless Touchscreen - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

Abstract It was the touch screens which initially created great furore.Gone are the days when you have to fiddle with the touch screens and end scratching up. Touch screen displays are ubiquitous worldwide.Frequent touching a touchscreen display with a pointing device such as a finger can result in…

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Apple Talk - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Abstract</h3> AppleTalk is a network operating system designed to connect Apple computers. Its components are built on Macintosh operating systems. There are two main versions of AppleTalk depending on how many years in the past the network was implemented, Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 2 is the current installation as of about 2002.<br /> <br /> If anyone knows of something more current they should let me know. AppleTalk/Local Talk networks make use of CSMA/CA a media access control method. STP cabling is usually used. But it is possible to use UTP or Fiber Optic cabling depending on cost and/or performance issues. The network topology is a bus or tree. A Local Talk network is limited to 32 nodes. Local Talk is the data link layer protocol originally used for Macintoshes. Macintosh computers using Local Talk are linked together using their printer ports. AppleShare is used as the file and print sharing protocol on AppleTalk networks.<br /> <br /> AppleTalk networks make use of an addressing scheme in which each computer when it comes online:<br /> <br /> • looks for a stored address that it used in a previous session • if one isn't available then it chooses an address at random from those that are available • then it broadcasts the address to make sure no other computer is using it • if it is being used then it tries another • if it isn't being used then it stores the address to potentially be used again when it returns online the next time.<br /> <br /> AppleTalk was designed for small networks. Fortunately, these small networks can be connected together. Each subnetwork is called a zone and has a name for identification. Resources in other zones can be configured so that they can be accessed by a click on the zone name.<br /> <br /> AppleTalk networks can be fairly directly connected to networks of other architectures such as Ethernet or Token Ring.<br /> <br /> Apple has developed EtherTalk or TokenTalk, which are cards that enable Macintosh computers to connect to networks operating under 802.3 and 802.5 specifications, respectively<br /> <br /> AppleTalk Network Components<br /> AppleTalk<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMKoQ49gDGO6JYLZpYlz-8M_3kbaL53jggdJ1dJlRrVkkyzT6N-WdV_SIaAG9HJmBXNYEb3oeOInDPQC-qvgxeVgKym7WfmiawSKUuOu2ITMZyv45wouL6c1guPFNUP5Djg2lpjgRIdirg/s1600/appletalk.gif" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="276" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEjMKoQ49gDGO6JYLZpYlz-8M_3kbaL53jggdJ1dJlRrVkkyzT6N-WdV_SIaAG9HJmBXNYEb3oeOInDPQC-qvgxeVgKym7WfmiawSKUuOu2ITMZyv45wouL6c1guPFNUP5Djg2lpjgRIdirg/s320/appletalk.gif" width="320" /></a></div> <br /> <br /> <br /> An AppleTalk socket is a unique, addressable location in an AppleTalk node. It is the logical point at which upper-layer AppleTalk software processes and the network layer Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP) interact. These upper-layer processes are known as socket clients. Socket clients own one or more sockets, which they use to send and receive datagrams. Sockets can be assigned statically or dynamically. Statically assigned sockets are reserved for use by certain protocols or other processes. Dynamically assigned sockets are assigned by DDP to socket clients upon request. An AppleTalk node can contain up to 254 different socket numbers<br /> <br /> Implications of the end of AppleTalk routing<br /> Legacy operating systems and devices that only support AppleTalk should be replaced if at all possible. If they cannot be replaced, they need to be placed on the RIT network with forethought. As long as any two legacy AppleTalk devices are within the same network segment, AppleTalk communications between them will still work. However, after July 24, 2006, the addresses change because AppleTalk zones will no longer be present .<br /> <br /> <br /> There will no longer be a way to use two AppleTalk-only devices between campus buildings, and in many cases, between hallways within buildings.If you are browsing for AppleTalk resources, you will no longer see zones, such as the "GEM Bldg Zone" or "JE Booth Bldg Zone." You will not be able to connect with AppleTalk resources that were previously in a different zone, unless you can switch to an IP-based protocol.<br /> <br /> Devices that were within your own AppleTalk zone may also be inaccessible, because multiple network segments were often combined into one zone. Since 2003, AppleTalk has only been activated by request for subnets where there was a demonstrated need (with no reasonable IP-based alternatives) for this network service. AppleTalk was never routed on the RIT residential network, dial-in services, Virtual Private Network (VPN), or the wireless network.<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />Security</h3> AppleTalk, like many network protocols, makes no provisions for network security. The design of the AppleTalk protocol architecture requires that security measures be implemented at higher application levels. Cisco supports AppleTalk distribution lists, allowing control of routing updates on a per-interface basis. This security feature is similar to those that Cisco provides for other protocols. Note that the Cisco implementation of AppleTalk does not forward packets with local source and destination network addresses. This behavior does not conform to the definition of AppleTalk in the Apple Computer inside AppleTalk publication. However, this behavior is designed to prevent any possible corruption of the AARP table in any AppleTalk node that is performing address gleaning Through MAC.<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />Advantages</h3>  Apple automatically includes AppleTalk in the Macintosh operating system.<br /> <br />  Easy to implement and configure<br /> <br />  Setting up a small workgroup is simple and inexpensive<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Disadvantages</h3>  It is not suitable for very large networks<br /> <br />  It is very slow compared to other LAN links at 230.4 Kbps<br /> <br />  It is unsuitable for bandwidth intensive applications<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />CONCLUSION</h3> AppleTalk includes an address-resolution method much like TCP/IP's ARP. The AppleTalk version is called AARP. AARP uses broadcasts to discover the hardware address of a node. The primary network layer routing protocol in AppleTalk is the Datagram Delivery Protocol (DDP). DDP provides a best-effort connectionless datagram service. There are five key implementations of the transport layer in AppleTalk: RTMP, NBP, AURP, ATP, and AEP<br /> <br /> References<br /> W. de Leeuw and R. van Liere. Case Study: Comparing Two Methods for Filtering External Motion in 4D Confocal Microscopy Data. Joint Eurographics .<br /> <br /> W.E. Lorensen and H.E. Cline. Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm. Computer Graphics (Siggraph’87 Proceedings), 21(4), pp163-169.<br /> <br /> M. Levoy. Display of surfaces from volume data. Computer Graphics & Application<br /> <br /></div>

Apple Talk - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

Abstract AppleTalk is a network operating system designed to connect Apple computers. Its components are built on Macintosh operating systems. There are two main versions of AppleTalk depending on how many years in the past the network was implemented, Phase 1 and Phase 2. Phase 2 is the current in…

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4D Visualization - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

<div dir="ltr" style="text-align: left;" trbidi="on"> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Abstract</h3> Visualizable objects in biology and medicine extend across a vast range of scale, from individual molecules and cells through the varieties of tissue and interstitial interfaces to complete organs, organ systems, and body parts.<br /> <br /> The practice of medicine and study of biology have always relied on visualizations to study the relationship of anatomic structure to biologic function and to detect and treat disease and trauma that disturb or threaten normal life processes. Traditionally, these visualizations have been either direct, via surgery or biopsy, or indirect, requiring extensive mental reconstruction. The potential for revolutionary innovation in the practice of medicine and in biologic investigations lies in direct, fully immersive, real-time multi sensory fusion of real and virtual information data streams into online, real-time visualizations available during actual clinical procedures or biological experiments. In the field of scientific visualization, the term "four dimensional visualization" usually refers to the process of rendering a three dimensional field of scalar values.<br /> <br /> "4D" is shorthand for "four-dimensional"- the fourth dimension being time. 4D visualization takes three-dimensional images and adds the element of time to the process. The revolutionary capabilities of new three-dimensional (3-D) and four-dimensional (4-D) medical imaging modalities along with computer reconstruction and rendering of multidimensional medical and histologic volume image data, obviate the need for physical dissection or abstract assembly of anatomy and provide powerful new opportunities for medical diagnosis and treatment, as well as for biological investigations.In contrast to 3D imaging diagnostic processes, 4D allows doctor to visualize internal anatomy moving in real-time. So physicians and sonographers can detect or rule out any number of issues, from vascular anomalies and genetic syndromes. Time will reveal the importance of 4d visualization<br /> <div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"> <a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDufoT-sekWfv7xtSjEQ2gaDojbDDm6dvLy5sAA80E-5Vsq7_05MQoZdr1NWcRim0rFJqm2v81Iyj58n4E1J7V0bNyPL_FtmfgxEVEP89288aX4HEsRpcW0ONIcHJhJqmYIIxKHlR-mavU/s1600/EQQw4.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img border="0" height="192" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEgDufoT-sekWfv7xtSjEQ2gaDojbDDm6dvLy5sAA80E-5Vsq7_05MQoZdr1NWcRim0rFJqm2v81Iyj58n4E1J7V0bNyPL_FtmfgxEVEP89288aX4HEsRpcW0ONIcHJhJqmYIIxKHlR-mavU/s320/EQQw4.png" width="320" /></a></div> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />4D-THE MODERN DIMENSION</h3> "4D" is shorthand for "four-dimensional"- the fourth dimension being time. 4D visualization takes three-dimensional images and adds the element of time to the process.<br /> <br /> In contrast to 3D imaging diagnostic processes, 4D allows doctor to visualize internal anatomy moving in real-time. For example: Movement patterns of fetuses allows conclusions to be drawn about their development; increase of accuracy in ultrasound guided biopsies thanks to the visualization of needle movements in real time in all 3 planes. So physicians and sonographers can detect or rule out any number of issues, from vascular anomalies and genetic syndromes<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> 3D GIVES LIFE TO 4D:</h3> Locked within 3-D biomedical images is significant information about the objects and their properties from which the images are derived. Efforts to unlock this information to reveal answers to the mysteries of form and function are couched in the domain of image processing and visualization. A variety of both standard and sophisticated methods have been developed to process (modify) images to selectively enhance the visibility and measurability of desired object features and properties. For example, both realism-preserving and perception-modulating approaches to image display have significantly advanced the practical usefulness of 4-D biomedical imaging.<br /> <br /> Many life-threatening diseases and/or quality-of-life afflictions still require physical interventions into the body to reduce or remove disease or to alleviate harmful or painful conditions. But minimally invasive or noninvasive interventions are now within reach that effectively increase physician performance in arresting or curing disease; reduce risk, pain, complications, and reoccurrence for the patient; and decrease healthcare costs. What is yet required is focused reduction of recent and continuing advances in visualization technology to the level of practice, so that they can provide new tools and procedures that physicians ‘‘must have’’ to treat their patients and empower scientists in biomedical studies of structure-to function relationships.<br /> <br /> Forming an image is mapping some property of an object onto image space. This space is used to visualize the object and its properties and may be used to characterize quantitatively its structure or function. Imaging science may be defined as the study of these mappings and the development of ways to better understand them, to improve them, and to use them productively. The challenge of imaging science is to provide advanced capabilities for acquisition, processing, visualization, and quantitative analysis of biomedical images to increase substantially the faithful extraction of useful information that they contain.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> Concept Of 4D Visualization</h3> In the field of scientific visualization, the term "four dimensional visualization" usually refers to the process of rendering a three dimensional field of scalar values. While this paradigm applies to many different data sets, there are also uses for visualizing data that correspond to actual four-dimensional structures. Four dimensional structures have typically been visualized via wire frame methods, but this process alone is usually insufficient for an intuitive understanding. The visualization of four dimensional objects is possible through wire frame methods with extended visualization cues, and through ray tracing methods. Both the methods employ true four-space viewing parameters and geometry.<br /> <br /> The ray tracing approach easily solves the hidden surface and shadowing problems of 4D objects, and yields an image in the form of a three-dimensional field of RGB values, which can be rendered with a variety of existing methods. The 4D ray tracer also supports true four-dimensional lighting, reflections and refractions. The display of four-dimensional data is usually accomplished by assigning three dimensions to location in three-space, and the remaining dimension to some scalar property at each three-dimensional location. This assignment is quite apt for a variety of four-dimensional data, such as tissue density in a region of a human body, pressure values in a volume of air, or temperature distribution throughout a mechanical object<br /> <br /> 4D Viewing Vectors and Viewing Frustum<br /> 4D Viewing Vectors<br /> <br /> <br /> <br /> The viewing-angle is defined as for three-dimensional viewing, and is used to size one side of the projection-parallelepiped; the other two sides are sized to fit the dimensions of the projection-parallelepiped. For this work, all three dimensions of the projection parallelepiped are equal, so all three viewing angles are the same.<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> RAY TRACING ALGORITHM:</h3> Raytracing solves several rendering problems in a straight-forward manner, including hidden surfaces, shadows, reflection, and refraction. In addition, raytracing is not restricted to rendering polygonal meshes; it can handle any object that can be interrogated to find the intersection point of a given ray with the surface of the object. This property is especially nice for rendering four-dimensional objects, since many N-dimensional objects can be easily described with implicit equations<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> 4D IMAGE WARPING</h3> For robustly measuring temporal morphological brain changes, a 4D image warping mechanism can be used. Longitudinal stability is achieved by considering all temporal MR images of an individual simultaneously in image warping, rather than by individually warping a 3D template to an individual, or by warping the images of one time-point to those of another time-point. Moreover, image features that are consistently recognized in all time-points guide the warping procedure, whereas spurious features that appear inconsistently at different time-points are eliminated. This deformation strategy significantly improves robustness in detecting anatomical correspondences, thereby producing smooth and accurate estimations of longitudinal changes. The experimental results show the significant improvement of 4D warping method over previous 3D warping method in measuring subtle longitudinal changes of brain structures.<br /> <br /> METHOD:<br /> 4D-HAMMER, involves the following two steps:<br /> <br /> (1) Rigid alignment of 3D images of a given subject acquired at different time points, in order to produce a 4D image. 3D-HAMMER is employed to establish the correspondences between neighboring 3D images, and then align one image (time t) to its previous-time image (t-1) by a rigid transformation calculated from the established<br /> correspondences.<br /> <br /> (2) Hierarchical deformation of the 4D atlas to the 4D subject images, via a hierarchical attribute-based matching method. Initially, the deformation of the atlas is influenced primarily by voxels with distinctive attribute vectors, thereby minimizing the chances of poor matches and also reducing computational burden. As the deformation proceeds, voxels with less distinctive attribute vectors gradually gain influence over the deformation<br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> <br />CONCLUSION</h3> Advanced medical imaging technology allows the acquisition of high resolved 3D images over time i.e.4D images of the beating heart. 4D visualization and computer supported precise measurement of medical indicators (ventricle volume, ejection fraction, wall motion etc.) have the high potential to greatly simplify understanding of the morphology and dynamics of heart cavities, simultaneously reduce the possibility of a false diagnosis. 4D visualization aims at providing all information conveniently in single, stereo, or interactively rotating animated views.<br /> <br /> The goal of the 2nd year of the Med-SANARE project is twofold. On one hand a virtual table metaphor will be utilized to set up a visionary high-end cardiac diagnosis demonstrator for educational purpose that makes use of augmented reality (AR) techniques. On the other hand a Cardiac Station will be implemented as functional reduced solution that supports image evaluation making use of standard PC-based technology. The functionality offered will be sufficient to successfully perform the tasks required by the diagnostic procedure. For both systems realistic and detailed modeling and visualization plays a crucial role<br /> <br /> <h3 style="text-align: left;"> References</h3> W. de Leeuw and R. van Liere. Case Study: Comparing Two Methods for Filtering External Motion in 4D Confocal Microscopy Data. Joint Eurographics .<br /> <br /> W.E. Lorensen and H.E. Cline. Marching cubes: a high resolution 3D surface construction algorithm. Computer Graphics (Siggraph’87 Proceedings), 21(4), pp163-169.<br /> <br /> M. Levoy. Display of surfaces from volume data. Computer Graphics & Application</div>

4D Visualization - COMPUTER SCIENCE (CSE) SEMINAR TOPICS

Abstract Visualizable objects in biology and medicine extend across a vast range of scale, from individual molecules and cells through the varieties of tissue and interstitial interfaces to complete organs, organ systems, and body parts. The practice of medicine and study of biology have always rel…

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